How ‘skull drains’ keep the brain safe from damage and pathogens: Veins in the skull can rearrange their borders to accommodate patrolling immune cells, a strange behavior called ruffling
Mouse research shows skull veins actively protect the brain: Research with mice and human tissue found that large veins in the skull actively pulse to drain blood and cerebrospinal fluid and shift their cell borders to allow immune cells to patrol, helping protect the brain from infection, inflammation and pressure buildup. The team also showed that the molecule CGRP widens these veins, which might explain how migraine drugs that target CGRP work. (CGRP stands for calcitonin gene-related peptide, a 37-amino acid protein acting as a neurotransmitter and vasodilator involved in transmitting pain signals).