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Decades-old anti-seizure drug shows promise in preventing Alzheimer’s before it begins:  Researchers identify how levetiracetam keeps neurons from producing harmful amyloid-beta, pointing to new ways to intervene before Alzheimer’s symptoms appear.

Decades-old drug may help prevent Alzheimer’s disease: A study published in Science Translational Medicine found that the decades-old anti-seizure drug levetiracetam reduced production of amyloid-beta 42 in research with engineered mouse models and human neurons. The Researchers found that levetiracetam works by maintaining amyloid precursor protein on the cell surface, favoring a non-amyloidogenic pathway.

How ‘skull drains’ keep the brain safe from damage and pathogens:  Veins in the skull can rearrange their borders to accommodate patrolling immune cells, a strange behavior called ruffling

Mouse research shows skull veins actively protect the brain: Research with mice and human tissue found that large veins in the skull actively pulse to drain blood and cerebrospinal fluid and shift their cell borders to allow immune cells to patrol, helping protect the brain from infection, inflammation and pressure buildup. The team also showed that the molecule CGRP widens these veins, which might explain how migraine drugs that target CGRP work. (CGRP stands for calcitonin gene-related peptide, a 37-amino acid protein acting as a neurotransmitter and vasodilator involved in transmitting pain signals).

Vaccine Protects Against Multiple Respiratory Viruses, Bacteria, and Allergens in Mice

Study with mice advances universal vaccine against respiratory threats: A universal vaccine candidate developed by Stanford Medicine researchers offers protection against a wide range of bacteria, respiratory viruses and allergens in a study with mice published in the journal Science. The intranasal vaccine integrates innate and adaptive immunity, providing broad lung protection for several months. “If it ultimately proves safe and effective in humans, the potential impact could be transformative: simplifying seasonal vaccination and improving readiness for emerging respiratory threats,” Researcher Bali Pulendran said.

Cat genes could hold the key to future cancer treatments

Although we adore our feline friends, it does not often seem like we have much in common with them — unless, of course, you also have a passion for attacking furniture legs and licking your own rear. When it comes to health, however, cats are exposed to many of the same environmental risks as their owners and they fall victim to many of the same ailments. Cancer, for example, is one of the leading causes of illness and death in cats; however, the genetics of this disease in felines remain relatively unexplored.

Pigs and grizzlies, not monkeys, hold clues to youthful human skin

Research with pigs and grizzly bears showed that key skin structures called rete ridges, which help keep human skin strong and elastic, form after birth rather than during fetal development. The study, published in Nature, identified bone morphogenetic protein signaling as a key pathway and provides a concrete molecular target for therapies for wound healing, scar repair and age-related skin thinning.

New paper urges caution as FDA plans to phase out animal testing in drug development

FDA’s animal testing phaseout needs caution, experts say: Biomedical research with animals remains essential for preclinical safety testing, and rapidly replacing animal studies with unvalidated alternatives could increase the risk of unsafe or ineffective drugs reaching patients, legal expert Sara Gerke and colleagues wrote in Trends in Biotechnology. The Authors recommend maintaining animal testing alongside alternatives until enough data proves equivalence, and they propose measures like premarket reviews or independent certification to ensure the safety and efficacy of new methods.